Augurio de nostálgica despedida: situación de enfermería bajo la teoría de Swanson / Nostalgic farewell omen: A nursing situation under the Swanson's theory

Introducción: Se narra una experiencia donde el sujeto de cuidado es una enfermera pionera de la disciplina de la Enfermería en Colombia, quien recibió atención de una egresada y una colega, en donde se vivencia cada momento de la atención y el crecimiento para la persona cuidada y cuidadoras. Objetivo: Comprender la importancia del cuidado de enfermería para el paciente y la enfermera a través de la narración y análisis de una situación de enfermería. Materiales y Métodos: El análisis se centra en los conceptos del metaparadigma, la visión del mundo de enfermería, los patrones de conocimiento y la teoría de rango medio de los cuidados de Kristen Swanson, los resultados se visibilizan en la relación enfermera-paciente, en el proceso de enfermería, en la consecución de la integridad, curación, sanación y en la vivencia de la nostálgica despedida de la paciente. Conclusión: La narración de enfermería es relevante para la teoría, práctica e investigación, porque a través de ella el profesional de enfermería da a conocer eventos que vivencian el quehacer diario y visibiliza los cuidados brindados en interacción con el otro, lo que permite aportar a la evolución del conocimiento de la disciplina.

Introduction: An experience is narrated in which the subject of care is a pioneer nurse in the discipline of nursing in Colombia who was cared for by a graduate and a colleague, and in which each moment of care and growth is experienced for the cared-for person and the caregivers. Objective: To understand the importance of nursing care to the patient and the nurse by narrating and analyzing a nursing situation. Materials and Methods: The analysis focuses on the concepts of metaparadigm, nursing worldview, patterns of knowing, and Kristen Swanson's middle-range theory of caring. The results are visible in the nurse-patient relationship, the nursing process, the achievement of wholeness and healing, and the experience of the patient's nostalgic farewell. Conclusion: Nursing narratives are relevant to theory, practice, and research because, through them, nursing professionals make known events that are experienced in daily work and make visible the care provided in interaction with others, contributing to the evolution of knowledge of the discipline.

Introdução: Narra-se uma experiência em que o sujeito do cuidado é uma enfermeira pioneira da disciplina de Enfermagem na Colômbia, que recebeu cuidados de uma graduada e de uma colega, onde se vivencia cada momento de cuidado e crescimento da pessoa cuidada e cuidadores. Objetivo: Compreender a importância do cuidado de enfermagem para o paciente e para o enfermeiro por meio da narração e análise de uma situação de enfermagem. Materiais e Métodos: A análise centra-se nos conceitos do metaparadigma, na visão de mundo da enfermagem, nos padrões de conhecimento e na teoria do cuidado de médio alcance de Kristen Swanson, os resultados são visíveis na relação enfermeiro-paciente, no processo de enfermagem, na concretização de integridade, cura e na vivência da nostálgica despedida do paciente. Conclusão: A narrativa de enfermagem é relevante para a teoria, a prática e a pesquisa, pois por meio dela o profissional de enfermagem dá a conhecer acontecimentos que vivencia o cotidiano do trabalho e torna visível o cuidado prestado na interação com o outro, o que permite contribuir para a evolução do conhecimento da disciplina.

Prevalencia de factores asociados al acceso venoso periférico difícil en población pediátrica en un hospital chileno / Prevalence of factors associated with difficult peripheral venous access in a paediatric population in a Chilean hospital / Prevalência de fatores associados ao acesso venoso periférico difícil em uma população pediátrica em um hospital chileno

INTRODUCCIÓN: La mitad de las instalaciones pediátricas de un catéter venoso periférico resultan ser en el contexto de un paciente, un acceso venoso difícil, definido como instalación de un catéter venoso periférico frustrado en la primera punción. Actualmente se utiliza como herramienta predictiva de acceso venoso difícil el DIVAscore, sin embargo, existen investigaciones que proponen nuevos factores asociados, surgiendo la necesidad de estudiarlos en profundidad. OBJETIVO: Identificar la prevalencia de factores asociados al acceso venoso difícil en pacientes pediátricos atendidos en el servicio de cirugía de un hospital en Chile, 2022. METODOLOGÍA: Investigación cuantitativa descriptiva transversal con muestreo intencionado. Fueron incluidos pacientes de edad entre 0a 14 años cumplidos con acceso venoso difícil. Para investigar estos antecedentes clínicos, se seleccionaron 5 de los más mencionados en la literatura: Obesidad, Diabetes, Anemia de Células Falciformes, Quimioterapia y Diálisis. Se utilizó una grilla de cotejo realizada Ad Hoc, los resultados fueron analizados mediante un software y el intervalo de confianza fue de 95%. RESULTADOS: La mediana de edad fue de 1 año, con un rango intercuartílico de 3. El antecedente evaluado más prevalente en los pacientes con acceso venoso difícil fue obesidad, presente en el 31% de la muestra y el segundo, fue anemia de células falciformes, presente en un 5%. CONCLUSIONES: Se evidenció una amplia diferencia entre las variables estudiadas, siendo obesidad la de mayor prevalencia; la investigación logró el propósito de aportar evidencia que ayude a la toma de decisiones para el cuidado del capital venoso del paciente.

INTRODUCTION: Half of the pediatric installations of a peripheral venous catheter turn out to be in the context of a patient, a difficult venous access, defined as the installation of a peripheral venous catheterfrustrated in the first puncture. Currently, the DIVAscore is used as a predictive tool for difficult venous access, however, there is research that proposes new associated factors, arising the need to study them in depth. AIM:To identify the prevalence of factors associated with difficult venous access in pediatric patients treated in the surgery service of a hospital in Chile, 2022. METHODOLOGY: Cross-sectional descriptive quantitative research with purposive sampling. Patients aged 0 to 14 years with difficult venous access were included. To investigate these clinical antecedents, 5 of the most mentioned in the literature were selected: Obesity, Diabetes, Sickle Cell Anemia, Chemotherapy and Dialysis. An Ad Hoc comparison grid was used, the results were analyzed using software and the confidence interval was 95%. RESULTS:The median age was 1 year, with an interquartile range of 3. The most prevalent antecedent evaluated in patients with difficult venous access was obesity, present in 31% of the sample and the second, was sickle cell anemia, present in 5%. CONCLUSIONS: A wide difference was evidenced between the variables studied, with obesity being the most prevalent; the research achieved the purpose of providing evidence that helps decision-making for the care of the patient's venous capital.

INTRODUÇÃO: Metade das instalações pediátricas de um cateter venoso periférico acaba por ser no contexto de um paciente, um acesso venoso difícil, definido como a instalação de um cateter venoso periférico frustrado na primeira punção. Atualmente, o DIVAscore é utilizado como ferramenta preditiva para acesso venoso difícil, entretanto, há pesquisas que propõem novos fatores associados, surgindo a necessidade de estudá-los a fundo. OBJETIVO: Identificar a prevalência de fatores associados à dificuldade de acesso venoso em pacientes pediátricos atendidos no serviço de cirurgia de um hospital no Chile, 2022. METODOLOGIA: Pesquisa quantitativa descritiva transversal com amostragem intencional. Foram incluídos pacientes de 0 a 14 anos com acesso venoso difícil.Para investigar esses antecedentes clínicos, foram selecionados 5 dos mais citados na literatura: Obesidade, Diabetes, Anemia Falciforme, Quimioterapia e Diálise. Uma grade de comparação Ad Hoc foi usada, os resultados foram analisados usando software eo intervalo de confiança foi de 95%.RESULTADOS: A mediana de idade foi de 1 ano, com intervalo interquartil de 3. O antecedente mais prevalente avaliado em pacientes com acesso venoso difícil foi a obesidade, presente em 31% da amostra e o segundo, foi aanemia falciforme, presente em 5 %. CONCLUSÕES: Evidenciou-se ampla diferença entre as variáveis estudadas, sendo a obesidade a mais prevalente; A pesquisa atingiu o objetivo de fornecer evidências que auxiliem na tomada de decisão para o cuidado com o capital venoso do paciente.

Características clínicas y resultados quirúrgicos de pacientes pediátricos intervenidos por cirugía robótica / Clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes of pediatric patients who underwent robotic surgery

INTRODUCCIÓN. La cirugía robótica se realiza gracias al sistema telemanipulado, alcanzando tareas repetitivas, precisas y mínimamente invasivas. En Ecuador inició en el año 2016, incluyendo este procedimiento a pediatría en el 2021. OBJETIVO. Describir las características clínicas y resultados quirúrgicos de pacientes pediátricos intervenidos por cirugía robótica. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS. Estudio transversal analítico. Población de 278 y muestra de 40 datos de historias clínicas electrónicas de pacientes pediátricos intervenidos por cirugía robótica de agosto del 2021 a marzo del 2022 en el Hospital Carlos Andrade Marín. Criterios de inclusión: pacientes pediátricos intervenidos por cirugía robótica en el Hospital de Especialidades Carlos Andrade Marín. Criterios de exclusión: pacientes adultos, haber sido intervenidos quirúrgicamente por técnicas abiertas o laparoscópica. La información se obtuvo del sistema AS400; se creó una base de datos anonimizando a los pacientes. Se aplicó un análisis univariado y para determinar significancia estadística se utilizó la prueba de Chi-2. La información recolectada fue analizada en el programa estadístico International Business Machines Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. RESULTADOS: De los pacientes del estudio: 45,00% (18; 40) era adolescente. El 52,50% (21; 40) no presentó comorbilidades. 50,00% (20; 40) de las intervenciones fueron colecistectomía. 55% (22; 40) fué por diagnóstico prequirúrgico y posquirúrgico gastrointestinal y hepático. El 95,00% (38; 40) no presentó complicaciones. El 100% (40; 40) presentó sangrado G1. El 97,50% (39; 40) no presentó eventos, y el 72,5% (29; 40) no presentó dolor. El promedio de peso de los pacientes fue 41 kilogramos, con una media de 3 días de estancia hospitalaria, un promedio de 65 minutos de cirugía total y 15 minutos de docking, los cuales son estadísticamente significativos con una p= 0,001. CONCLUSIONES. Se registró las características clínicas y resultados quirúrgicos de pacientes pediátricos intervenidos por cirugía robótica. La cirugía robótica se aplicó con seguridad en pacientes pediátricos del Hospital Carlos Andrade Marín.

INTRODUCTION. Robotic surgery is performed thanks to the telemanipulated system, achieving repetitive, precise and minimally invasive tasks. In Ecuador it started in the Hospital de Especialidades Carlos Andrade Marín in 2016, including this procedure to pediatrics in 2021. OBJECTIVE. To describe the clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes of pediatric patients operated by robotic surgery. MATERIALS and METHODS. Analytical cross-sectional study. Population of 278 and sample of 40 data from electronic medical records of pediatric patients operated by robotic surgery from August 2021 to March 2022 at the Carlos Andrade Marin Hospital. Inclusion criteria: pediatric patients who underwent robotic surgery at the Hospital de Especialidades Carlos Andrade Marín. Exclusion criteria: adult patients, having undergone open or laparoscopic surgery. The information was obtained from the AS400 system; a database was created by anonymizing the patients. Univariate analysis was applied and the Chi-2 test was used to determine statistical significance. The information collected was analyzed in the statistical program International Business Machines Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. RESULTS: Of the patients in the study: 45,00% (18; 40) were adolescents. 52,50% (21; 40) had no comorbidities. 50,00% (20; 40) of the interventions were cholecystectomy. 55% (22; 40) were for preoperative and postoperative gastrointestinal and hepatic diagnosis. 95,00% (38; 40) had no complications. 100% (40; 40) presented G1 bleeding. 97.50% (39; 40) did not present events, and 72,5% (29; 40) did not present pain. The average weight of the patients was 41 kilograms, with a mean hospital stay of 3 days, an average of 65 minutes of total surgery and 15 minutes of docking, which are statistically significant with a p= 0,001. CONCLUSIONS. The clinical characteristics and surgical results of pediatric patients who underwent robotic surgery were recorded. Robotic surgery was safely applied in pediatric patients at the Carlos Andrade Marin Hospital.

Comportamentos destrutivos entre profissionais em centro cirúrgico: revisão integrativa da literatura / Inadequate behavior manifested by professionals in the surgical center: integrative literature review / Comportamiento inadecuado manifestado por profesionales del centro quirúrgico: revisión integrativa de la literatura

Objetivo: Identificar as evidências sobre comportamentos destrutivos manifestados ou presenciados por profissionais em centro cirúrgico. Métodos: Revisão integrativa da literatura, realizada nas bases de dados Literatura Latino-Americana em Ciências da Saúde, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online e Base de Dados da Enfermagem, em novembro e dezembro de 2019, aos pares, sem recorte temporal, em português, inglês e espanhol. Na busca, foram utilizados termos e descritores, combinados entre si por meio dos operadores booleanos AND e OR. Resultados: Foram localizados 230 artigos. Após eliminação de duplicidades, aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, e leitura, obteve-se amostra de 10. Da análise dos estudos, emergiram três categorias temáticas: Categoria 1 ­ Comportamentos destrutivos; Categoria 2 ­ Repercussões dos comportamentos destrutivos; Categoria 3 ­ Dispositivos para minimizar ambientes hostis. Conclusão: os comportamentos destrutivos têm repercussões organizacionais, laborais e pessoais, caracterizando um desrespeito sistêmico que causa danos tanto aos profissionais como aos pacientes. (AU)

Objective: Identify evidence of inadequate behavior manifested by professionals in the surgical center. Methods: An integrative literature review, carried out in the Latin American Literature in Health Sciences, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online and Nursing Database databases, in November and December 2019, in pairs, without time frame, in Portuguese, English and Spanish. In the search, terms and descriptors were used, combined with each other through the Boolean operators AND and OR. R. Results: 230 articles were located. After elimination of duplicates, application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, and reading, a sample of 10 was obtained. From the analysis of the studies, three thematic categories emerged: Category 1 ­ destructive behavior; Category 2 ­ repercussions of inadequate behavior; Category 3 ­ devices for minimizing hostile environments. Conclusion: Inadequate behavior has organizational, labor and personal repercussions, and characterizes systemic disrespect that causes damage to both professionals and patients. (AU)

Objetivo: Identificar evidencias de conducta inadecuada manifestada por profesionales en el centro quirúrgico. Métodos: Revisión integradora de la literatura, realizada en las bases de datos de Literatura Latinoamericana en Ciencias de la Salud, Sistema de Análisis y Recuperación de Literatura Médica en Línea y Base de Datos de Enfermería, en noviembre y diciembre de 2019, en pares, sin marco temporal, en portugués, inglés y español. En la búsqueda se utilizaron términos y descriptores, combinados entre sí mediante los operadores booleanos AND y OR. R. Resultados: Se localizaron 230 artículos. Luego de eliminación de duplicados, aplicación de criterios de inclusión y exclusión y lectura, se obtuvo una muestra de 10. Del análisis de los estudios surgieron tres categorías temáticas: Categoría 1 - comportamiento destructivo; Categoría 2: repercusiones de un comportamiento inadecuado; Categoría 3: dispositivos para minimizar entornos hostiles. Conclusión: La conducta inadecuada tiene repercusiones organizativas, laborales y personales, y caracteriza la falta de respeto sistémica que causa daño tanto a los profesionales como a los pacientes. (AU)

Avaliação de indicadores de qualidade na gestão do centro cirúrgico de um hospital terciário / Evaluation of quality indicators in the management of an operating room at a tertiary-level hospital

Introdução: Por se tratar de um setor complexo e que compreende grande parte dos custos de um hospital, o centro cirúrgico demanda uma contínua avaliação de suas atividades, com o objetivo de propiciar uma melhora da sua eficiência e da segurança dos pacientes. Uma estratégia interessante para se realizar tal avaliação é a utilização de um conjunto de indicadores de qualidade preestabelecidos, dividindo os atributos do serviço em estrutura, processos e resultados. Para que isso seja possível, é necessário que o serviço analisado possua uma fonte de dados bem estruturada, tendo o Núcleo Interno de Regulação um papel importante nesse processo. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo a análise de índices de gestão do centro cirúrgico de um hospital terciário especializado em cirurgias eletivas através da mensuração de dados referentes a indicadores de qualidade. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo observacional descritivo feito de forma retrospectiva em um hospital escola público do interior do estado de São Paulo. Foram mensurados 18 indicadores referentes ao período de 01/06/2019 a 31/12/2019, a partir de consultas a diferentes setores administrativos do local. Os resultados passaram por uma análise estatística descritiva ao final da coleta de dados. Resultados: Os principais resultados encontrados foram: taxa de cumprimento da agenda cirúrgica de 95,8%, taxa de cancelamento de 4,1%, taxa de ocupação de 47,9%, turnover de 23,1 minutos, tempo médio de atraso no início das cirurgias de 32,8 minutos, tempo de permanência na sala de recuperação pós-anestésica de 37,4 minutos, taxa de absenteísmo dos profissionais de 8,94% e as taxas de infecção do sítio cirúrgico, de mortalidade operatória e de acidente de trabalho foram todas 0%. Conclusões: Apesar da alta taxa de cumprimento da agenda cirúrgica, a taxa de ocupação se encontrou aquém do ideal, sugerindo que o agendamento das cirurgias pode ser melhorado. Além disso, demonstrou-se que a estratégia de "cirurgias reservas" adotada no hospital auxilia no cumprimento da meta de cirurgias programadas e no aumento da taxa de ocupação (AU)

Introduction: As a complex sector that results in a large part of the costs in a hospital, the operating room demands a continuous evaluation of its activities, with the objective of providing an improvement in its efficiency and in patient safety. An interesting strategy to carry out such an evaluation is using a set of pre-established quality indicators, by the division of the service's attributes into structure, processes and results, which can provide a broad perspective of the activities developed and facilitate decision-making by the hospital manager. In this analysis process, it is necessary that the service has a well-structured data source, where the Internal Regulation Center plays an important role. Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze, through the measurement of data related to quality indicators, the management indexes of the operating room of a tertiary-level hospital specialized in elective surgeries. Methodology: This is a descriptive observational study that was conducted retrospectively at a public teaching hospital. In this research, 18 indicators, related to the period from 06/01/2019 to 12/31/2019, were measured based on consultations to different administrative sectors of the hospital. The results went through a descriptive statistical analysis at the end of data collection. Results:The main results found were as follows: the fulfillment rate of the surgical schedule was 95.8%, the cancellation rate was 4.1%, the occupancy rate was 47.9%, the turnover time was 23.1 minutes, the mean delay time in the start of surgeries was 32.8 minutes, length of stay in the post-anesthesia care unit was 37.4 minutes, the professionals' absenteeism rate was 8.94%, and the rates of surgical site infection, operative mortality and work accident were all 0%. Conclusions: Despite the high fulfillment rate of the surgical schedule, the occupancy rate was below the ideal, suggesting that scheduling of surgeries can be improved. In addition, it was shown that the "reserve surgeries" strategy adopted at the hospital helped to reach the goal of scheduled surgeries and to increase the occupancy rate (AU)

Avaliação de indicadores de qualidade na gestão do centro cirúrgico de um hospital terciário / Evaluation of quality indicators in the management of an operating room at a tertiary-level hospital

RESUMO: Introdução: Por se tratar de um setor complexo e que compreende grande parte dos custos de um hospital, o centro cirúrgico demanda uma contínua avaliação de suas atividades, com o objetivo de propiciar uma melhora da sua eficiência e da segurança dos pacientes. Uma estratégia interessante para se realizar tal avaliação é a utilização de um conjunto de indicadores de qualidade preestabelecidos, dividindo os atributos do serviço em estrutura, processos e resultados. Para que isso seja possível, é necessário que o serviço analisado possua uma fonte de dados bem estruturada, tendo o Núcleo Interno de Regulação um papel importante nesse processo. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo a análise de índices de gestão do centro cirúrgico de um hospital terciário especializado em cirurgias eletivas através da mensuração de dados referentes a indicadores de qualidade. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo observacional descritivo feito de forma retrospectiva em um hospital escola público do interior do estado de São Paulo. Foram mensurados 18 indicadores referentes ao período de 01/06/2019 a 31/12/2019, a partir de consultas a diferentes setores administrativos do local. Os resultados passaram por uma análise estatística descritiva ao final da coleta de dados. Resultados: Os principais resultados encontrados foram: taxa de cumprimento da agenda cirúrgica de 95,8%, taxa de cancelamento de 4,1%, taxa de ocupação de 47,9%, turnover de 23,1 minutos, tempo médio de atraso no início das cirurgias de 32,8 minutos, tempo de permanência na sala de recuperação pós-anestésica de 37,4 minutos, taxa de absenteísmo dos profissionais de 8,94% e as taxas de infecção do sítio cirúrgico, de mortalidade operatória e de acidente de trabalho foram todas 0%. Conclusões: Apesar da alta taxa de cumprimento da agenda cirúrgica, a taxa de ocupação se encontrou aquém do ideal, sugerindo que o agendamento das cirurgias pode ser melhorado. Além disso, demonstrou-se que a estratégia de "cirurgias reservas" adotada no hospital auxilia no cumprimento da meta de cirurgias programadas e no aumento da taxa de ocupação. (AU)

ABSTRACT: Introduction: As a complex sector that results in a large part of the costs in a hospital, the operating room demands a continuous evaluation of its activities, with the objective of providing an improvement in its efficiency and in patient safety. An interesting strategy to carry out such an evaluation is using a set of pre-established quality indicators, by the division of the service's attributes into structure, processes and results, which can provide a broad perspective of the activities developed and facilitate decision-making by the hospital manager. In this analysis process, it is necessary that the service has a well-structured data source, where the Internal Regulation Center plays an important role. Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze, through the measurement of data related to quality indicators, the management indexes of the operating room of a tertiary-level hospital specialized in elective surgeries. Methodology: This is a descriptive observational study that was conducted retrospectively at a public teaching hospital. In this research, 18 indicators, related to the period from 06/01/2019 to 12/31/2019, were measured based on consultations to different administrative sectors of the hospital. The results went through a descriptive statistical analysis at the end of data collection. Results:The main results found were as follows: the fulfillment rate of the surgical schedule was 95.8%, the cancellation rate was 4.1%, the occupancy rate was 47.9%, the turnover time was 23.1 minutes, the mean delay time in the start of surgeries was 32.8 minutes, length of stay in the post-anesthesia care unit was 37.4 minutes, the professionals' absenteeism rate was 8.94%, and the rates of surgical site infection, operative mortality and work accident were all 0%. Conclusions: Despite the high fulfillment rate of the surgical schedule, the occupancy rate was below the ideal, suggesting that scheduling of surgeries can be improved. In addition, it was shown that the "reserve surgeries" strategy adopted at the hospital helped to reach the goal of scheduled surgeries and to increase the occupancy rate. (AU)

Evolución de la productividad quirúrgica en el Hospital Maciel durante la crisis sanitaria SARS-CoV-2 / Evolution of surgical services at the Maciel Hospital during the SARS-CoV-2 health emergency / Evolução da produtividade cirúrgica no Hospital Maciel durante a crise de saúde por SARS-CoV-2

Resumen: Introducción: la pandemia por COVID-19 ha producido un fuerte impacto en la práctica quirúrgica mundial y luego de trascurridos 15 meses de diferir cirugías y seleccionar pacientes, aún no está bien establecida la magnitud del problema. Objetivo: conocer la evolución de la cirugía programada y su perfil de comportamiento en los servicios del Hospital Maciel (HM) durante el período de pandemia COVID-19. Método: se estudia la productividad quirúrgica del HM durante los períodos de prepandemia (2019) y pandemia (2020/2021), a partir del análisis de la oportunidad y especialidad de la cirugía realizada y la demanda de camas de Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI). Resultado: durante el período de pandemia (13/3/2020-30/6/2021) se operaron 5.302 pacientes; solo 132 (2,5%) se realizaron en pacientes COVID-19 positivos. La actividad quirúrgica global descendió 22,2% y en cirugías coordinadas 37,4%. Se mantuvo incambiado el volumen de cirugías de urgencias en relación al período prepandemia. Se constató un incremento exponencial de actividad en traumatología, (214%) y otorrinolaringología (57,4%); leve aumento en cirugías de tórax (12,7%), la cirugía vascular y la neurocirugía mantuvieron su actividad (0,3% y -7,8% respectivamente). Las clínicas de cirugía general descendieron su producción en forma importante: 63,5%. Conclusiones: se cumplió con la asistencia a pacientes oncológicos e impostergables, lo cual cambio el perfil de la cirugía, aumentando la actividad en las especialidades en detrimento marcado de la cirugía general y de las disciplinas que operan fundamentalmente patologías postergables y benignas de alta prevalencia.

Summary: Introduction: the COVID19 pandemic has caused a strong impact on surgical practices around the world, and after 15 months of differing surgeries and selecting patients, the actual magnitude of the problem has not been defined yet. Objective: to learn about the evolution of elective surgeries and behaviour profiles at the Maciel Hospital during the COVID19 pandemic. Method: the study analyses the delivery of elective surgeries at Maciel Hospital during the pre-pandemic (2019) and pandemic (2020/2021) periods by studying timing and area of specialization of the surgery performed and demand ICU beds. Results: during the pandemic period (13.3.2020-30.6.2021) 5302 patients were operated; and only 132 of them (2.5%) were COVID 19 positive. Global surgical services dropped 22.2% and 37.4% in elective surgeries. The number of emergency surgeries remained the same when compared to the pre-pandemic period. A huge growth was seen in traumatology (214%) and otorhinolaryngology (57.4%) services, a slight increase in thoracic consultations (12.7%) and no change was observed in vascular surgery consultations (0.3%). Consultations in other areas of specialization, such as urology, neurosurgery and general surgery significantly dropped, between 7.8% and 65.5%. Conclusions: health services were delivered to oncologic patients given their urgency, which, modfied the surgical profile, increasing activity in specializations and at the expense of general surgeries and the specialization areas the mainly operate bening conditions that may be delayed that are highly prevalent.

Resumo: Introdução: a pandemia COVID-19 teve um forte impacto na prática cirúrgica global e, após 15 meses de adiamento de cirurgias e seleção de pacientes, a magnitude do problema ainda não está bem estabelecida. Objetivo: conhecer a evolução da cirurgia programada e seu perfil de comportamento nos serviços do Hospital Maciel (HM) durante o período pandêmico de COVID-19. Método: estudou-se a produtividade cirúrgica programada do HM, nos períodos pré-pandêmico (2019) e pandêmico (2020/2021), a partir da análise da oportunidade e especialidade da cirurgia realizada e da demanda por leitos de UTI. Resultado: durante o período pandêmico (13/3/2020-30/6/2021), um total de 5.302 pacientes foram operados; Apenas 132 (2,5%) foram realizadas em pacientes COVID-19 positivos. A atividade cirúrgica global diminuiu 22,2% e 37,4% nas cirurgias coordenadas. Com relação ao período pré-pandêmico a quantidade de cirurgias de emergência permaneceu inalterada. Um aumento exponencial da atividade foi encontrado em trauma (214%) e otorrinolaringologia (57,4%); um pequeno aumento em tórax (12,7%); a cirurgia vascular manteve-se estável (0,3%), enquanto as demais disciplinas: urologia, neurocirurgia e ambas as clínicas de cirurgia geral diminuíram significativamente, entre 7,8% e 63,5%. Conclusões: foi cumprida a assistência aos doentes oncológicos e não postergáveis, o que alterou o perfil da cirurgia, aumentando a atividade nas especialidades, em acentuado detrimento da cirurgia geral e das disciplinas que operam sobretudo patologias postergáveis e benignas de alta prevalência.

Produção de corpos generificados em um bloco cirúrgico: uma análise pelo trabalho como atividade / Production of bodies generated in a surgical ward: an analysis by work as an activity / Producción de cuerpos generados en uma unidad quirúrgica: una análisis por trabajo como actividad

Neste artigo, analisamos o trabalho em saúde em um bloco cirúrgico a partir do referencialteóricoda Clínica da Atividade, atentando para a especificidade da performatividade do gênero por entre esta experiência. Para tanto, produzimos um percurso transverso do ponto devista do método, operando por entre Clínica da Atividade e pistas do Método Cartográfico, realizando, ainda, articulações com a proposta praxiográfica. As análises apontam que, apesar das fortes prescrições que compõem o trabalho em um bloco cirúrgico, ostrabalhadores e trabalhadoras problematizam as normas de trabalho e de gênero nas situações laborais, produzindo estilizações. É na atividade que as normas de trabalho, e também de gênero, são colocadas em questão abrindo brechas e críticas a modelos regulatórios, e também violentos, que ancoram, por vezes, as práticas em saúde. A partir dessa pesquisa, apontamos a importância de produzir estudos relativos à produção do gênero em meio aos processos operativos do trabalho. (AU)

In this article, we analyzed the health work in surgical ward based on the theoretical references of the Clinic of Activity, taking into account specificity of gender performativity among this experience. For this purpose, we produced a transversal path from the point of view of the method, operating methodologically between the Clinic of Activity and clues from the Cartographic Method, also performing articulations with the praxiographic. The analyzes point out that, despite the strong prescriptions that make up the work in surgical ward, the workers problematize labor and gender norms in work situations, producing stylizations. It's in the activity that work norms, as well as gender, they are called into question, opening loopholes and criticisms of regulatory models, and also violent, that sometimes anchor health practices. This research indicates the importance of further studies towards the production involving gender and labor processes. (AU)

En este artículo analizamos el trabajo em salud en una Unidad Quirúrgica de un Hospitala partir de los referentes teóricos de la Clínica de Actividad, prestando atención a la especificidad del performatividad de género em esta experiencia.Para eso, producimos un recorrido transversal desde el punto de vista del método, operando entre la Clínica de Actividad y las pistas del Método Cartográfico, realizando también articulaciones com la propuesta praxiográfica. Los análisis muestran que, a pesar de lãs fuertes prescripciones que conforman el trabajo en una unidad quirúrgica, los trabajadores y trabajadoras problematizan las normas laborales y de género em lãs situaciones laborales, produciendo estilizaciones. Es em la actividad donde se cuestionan las normas laborales, así como el género, abriendo lagunas y críticas a modelos regulatorios, y también violentos, que en ocasiones anclanlas prácticas de salud. A partir de esta investigación, señalamos la importancia de producir estudios relacionados com la producción de género em medio de los procesos operativos del trabajo. (AU)

Conocimiento respecto del consentimiento informado en médicos especialistas del área quirúrgica de un hospital en Chile / Knowledge of informed consent in specialists from the surgery department of a hospital in chile / Conhecimento sobre o consentimento informado em médicos especialistas da área cirúrgica de um hospital no chile

Resumen La ley de derechos y deberes de los usuarios en salud, promulgada en Chile en 2012, ha llevado a posicionar el proceso de consentimiento informado como un aspecto importante para el respeto de su autonomía. Por este motivo, resulta pertinente evaluar los conocimientos que tiene el personal médico respecto de esta temática, especialmente en el área quirúrgica. Se llevó a cabo un estudio cuantitativo en 90 médicos especialistas del área quirúrgica en un hospital público de alta complejidad, a quienes se les aplicó un cuestionario para evaluar sus conocimientos sobre el consentimiento informado. Se encontró que el 76,6 % de los encuestados tenía un nivel de conocimiento deficiente, lo cual crea un escenario en el que se pueden vulnerar los derechos de los usuarios.

Abstract The Patients' Rights and Duties Act, promulgated in Chile in 2012, has made the informed consent process a critical step to respect the patient's autonomy. It is then relevant to test health workers' knowledge of the subject, especially in the surgery department. We carried out a quantitative study on 90 specialists from the surgery department in a public tertiary hospital, to whom a questionnaire was administered to test their knowledge of informed consent. We found that 76.6 % of the respondents have a low level of knowledge, creating a setting in which patients' rights can be violated.

Resumo A lei de direitos e deveres dos usuários em saúde, promulgada no Chile em 2012, tem posicionado o processo de consentimento informado como aspecto importante para o respeito de sua autonomia. Por esse motivo, é pertinente avaliar o conhecimento que a equipe médica tem sobre essa temática, especialmente na área cirúrgica. Foi realizado estudo quantitativo com 90 médicos especialistas da área cirúrgica em um hospital público de alta complexidade, aos quais foi aplicado questionário para avaliar seu conhecimento sobre o consentimento informado. Foi constatado que 76,6 % dos entrevistados tinham nível de conhecimento deficiente, o que cria um cenário no qual podem ser violados os direitos dos usuários.

Mortalidad operatoria en cirugía mayor. Análisis retrospectivo en un Servicio de Cirugía / Operative mortality in major surgery. Retrospective analysis in a Surgery Service

RESUMEN Introducción: la propia asistencia médica provoca, en determinadas situaciones, problemas de salud que pueden llegar a ser importantes para el enfermo. El análisis de la mortalidad es uno de los parámetros utilizados para investigar la seguridad en la realización de procederes de cirugía mayor. Objetivo: determinar los factores asociados a la mortalidad operatoria en cirugías mayores. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y retrospectivo, de los pacientes que fallecieron tras la realización de una cirugía mayor, en el Hospital Militar Docente Dr. Mario Muñoz Monroy, de Matanzas, en el período comprendido de enero de 2011 a diciembre de 2019. Resultados: la tercera edad aportó 77,3 % de los fallecidos. La hipertensión arterial, diabetes mellitus y cardiopatía isquémica fueron las principales comorbilidades. El abdomen agudo fue el diagnóstico operatorio más frecuente con 98 (58,3 %). Las complicaciones aportaron el 11,9 % de los fallecidos; los eventos adversos, 29,7 %, y por el curso natural de la enfermedad, murió un 58,3 %. El síndrome de disfunción múltiple de órganos y el shock séptico resultaron las principales causas de muerte (62 %). Conclusiones: la mortalidad operatoria estuvo asociada a factores de riesgo como edad avanzada, enfermedades crónicas y cirugía de urgencia. Los eventos adversos elevan la incidencia de mortalidad en cirugía mayor. Las infecciones son la principal causa de mortalidad operatoria (AU).

ABSTRACT Introduction: medical care itself causes, in certain situations, health problems that could be very important for the patient. The mortality analysis is one of the parameters used to study safety performing procedures of major surgery. Objective: to determine the factors associated to operatory mortality in major surgeries. Materials and methods: a retrospective, descriptive and observational study was carried out of the patients who passed away after undergoing a major surgery in the Military Hospital Dr. Mario Munoz Monroy in the period between January 2011 and December 2019. Results: 77.3 % of the deceased were elder people. The main co-morbidities were arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus and ischemic heart disease. The most frequent surgery diagnosis was acute abdomen with 98 patients (58.3 %). Complications yielded 11.9 % of the deceases, adverse events 29.7 % and 58.3 % died due to the natural course of the disease. The organs multiple dysfunction syndrome and septic shock were the main causes of dead (62 %). Conclusions: operatory mortality was associated to risk factors like advanced age, chronic diseases and emergency surgery. The adverse events increase mortality incidence in major surgery. Infections are the main causes of operatory mortality (AU).

Covid-19 y cirugía ortopédica: revisión de la literatura y evidencias / Covid-19 and orthopedic surgery: review of the literature and evidence

Se ha declarado una pandemia ante la propagación de un nuevo virus con alta contagiosidad, llamado síndrome respiratorio agudo severo coronavirus 2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV2). El mundo ha quedado detenido ante la rápida expansión del virus, con una letalidad que en algunos países llega a 15%. En Chile, el gobierno ha tomado medidas rápidas y agresivas que han permitido mantener la curva de contagios a un nivel que permita atender de manera adecuada a la población. Dentro de estas medidas, se contempla la suspensión de cirugías y consultas ambulatorias. Como cirujanos ortopédicos, nos hemos visto afectados por estas medidas, y existe confusión respecto a cuál es la conducta más adecuada. Quisimos hacer esta guía para resumir parte de las evidencias disponibles y orientar a los cirujanos ortopédicos respecto a esta patología. El comportamiento de esta guía es dinámico, dadas las múltiples opiniones, experiencias y evidencias, que surgen diariamente, por lo que recomendamos mantenerlo como referencia, no como certeza.

A pandemic has been declared due to a new highly contagious virus called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2). The world has come to a halt due to the rapid expansion of a virus whose lethality has reached 15% in some countries. In Chile, the government has taken decisive, aggressive measures in an attempt to control disease spread and provide healthcare to those who need it. These decisions include the suspension of elective surgeries and other ambulatory procedures. As Orthopedic surgeons we have been affected by these measures and there is doubt regarding the best course of action. We prepared this guide to summarize available evidence and orient our colleagues regarding this pathology. This guide is meant to be dynamic, as new opinions, evidence and experiences arise every day. Therefore, we advise the reader to keep it as a reference, not an undisputable truth.

Manejo del trauma vascular periférico en el servicio de cirugía cardiovascular del hospital Dr. Miguel Pérez Carreño. Estudio observacional / Management of peripheral vascular trauma in the cardiovascular surgery service of the Dr. Miguel Pérez Carreño hospital. observational study

El trauma se considera un problema de salud pública, siendo el trauma vascular un desafío para el cirujano de emergencia por su complejidad y morbimortalidad. Objetivo: Describir la experiencia en el manejo del trauma vascular periférico en el Servicio de Cirugía Cardiovascular del Hospital Dr. Miguel Pérez Carreño período enero 2.018 ­ enero 2.021. Métodos: Se realizó estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo, constituido por 410 pacientes, registrándose datos demográficos, mecanismo de lesión, tipos de lesión vascular, signos blandos y duros vasculares, grados de shock hipovolémico, vaso lesionado, procedimiento realizado, complicaciones y mortalidad. Se incluyeron 410 pacientes. La edad promedio fue 25,6 ± 18 años (14-72), sexo masculino en 89%. El mecanismo de lesión predominante fue el penetrante (92%), herida de arma de fuego (68%) y el trauma cerrado (7%). El diagnóstico fue clínico en 90% de los casos, el resto de la muestra fueron pacientes con lesiones crónicas como las fistulas AV y pseudoaneurismas. Las lesiones más frecuentes fueron en las extremidades inferiores (81%), extremidades superiores (17%) y cuello (2%). El tipo de lesión más común fue la transección arterial (49%) y lesión parcial (20%). Se presentó shock hipovolémico en 60% de los casos. La femoral superficial fue la más lesionada (70%) seguida de la poplítea (20%), la lesión asociada fue la fractura de huesos largos en un 30%. Se realizó interposición venosa autóloga en 89% de los casos. La infección de sitio operatorio registrada fue de 15% y la mortalidad de 0.4%. Conclusiones: El diagnóstico oportuno y manejo adecuado del trauma vascular demostró baja tasa de morbimortalidad y resultados favorables, incluso realizando reparación primaria, sin diferencia por grado de shock ni uso de shunt(AU)

Trauma is considered a public health problem, with vascular trauma being a challenge for the emergency surgeon due to its complexity, morbidity and mortality. Objetive: To describe the experience in the management of peripheral vascular trauma in the cardiovascular surgery department at Dr. Miguel Perez Carreño Hospital period January 2.018 - January 2.021. Methods: A retrospective, transversal and descriptive study was conducted, consisting of 410 patients, registering demographic data, injury mechanism, types of vascular injury, soft and hard vascular signs, degrees of hypovolemic shock, injured vessel, procedure performed, complications, and mortality. Results: 410 patients were included. The average age was 25.6 ± 18 years (14-72), 365 male (89%). The predominant injury mechanism was penetrating (92 %), gunshot wound (68%), and blunt trauma (7%). diagnosis by clinical in (90%), the rest of the sample was reserved for patients with chronic lesions such as AV fistulas and pseudoaneurysms. The most frequent lesions were in the lower extremities (81 %), upper extremities (17 %), and neck (2 %). The most common type of lesions were arterial transection (49%) and partial lesion (20%). Hypovolemic shock was present in (60%) of the cases. The superficial femoral artery was the most injured (70%) followed by the popliteal artery (20%), the associated injured was long bone fracture (30%). autologous venous interposition was performed in (89%) of cases. Registered surgical site infection was (15%) and mortality of 2 patients (0.4%). Conclusions: The timely diagnosis and proper management of vascular trauma showed a low rate of morbidity and mortality and favorable results, even carrying out primary repair, without difference by degree of shock or use of shunts(AU)

Cirugía Mayor Ambulatoria en un Servicio de Cirugía General: cinco años de experiencia / Five-year experience with major ambulatory surgery in a department of general surgery

RESUMEN Antecedentes: como Cirugía Mayor Ambulatoria (CMA) se designan procedimientos quirúrgicos te rapéuticos o diagnósticos, realizados con anestesia general, locorregional o local, con sedación o sin ella, que requieren cuidados posoperatorios de corta duración, por lo que no necesitan ingreso hos pitalario. Objetivo: analizar la experiencia de la Unidad de Cirugía Mayor Ambulatoria integrada al Servicio de Cirugía del Hospital Avellaneda, de San Miguel de Tucumán, en el período enero 2014- diciembre 2018. Material y métodos: estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, de corte transversal, de asociación cruzada. Pacientes entre 14 y 75 años. Los datos fueron recolectados de una base prospectiva implementada desde el inicio de una experiencia piloto. Resultados: se realizaron 3827 intervenciones quirúrgicas, de las cuales 2327 fueron procedimientos quirúrgicos bajo la modalidad de CMA; 1514 correspondieron al sexo femenino; prevaleció el rango de 45 a 54 años de edad. Los procedimientos quirúrgicos realizados fueron: colecistectomía laparoscópi ca, patología de la pared abdominal, patologías orificiales, procedimientos combinados. Indicadores de calidad: la tasa de cancelación, valor atribuible a la ausencia del paciente el día de la cirugía, y de suspensión, debido a la modalidad selección del paciente y de infraestructura, ambas tasas mostraron una disminución estadísticamente significativas entre los años 2014 y 2018. La tasa de reintervención fue en el último año de 0,35%; los ingresos y reingresos disminuyeron a 1,6% y 1,07%, respectivamen te al año 2018. Se presentaron 52 complicaciones, 13 mayores y 39 menores. El grado de satisfacción fue elevado: un 99,5%. Conclusión: la CMA es un proceso seguro, con tasas de complicaciones bajas.

ABSTRACT Background: Major ambulatory surgery is defined as therapeutic or diagnostic surgical procedures, performed under general, regional or local anesthesia, with or without sedation, which require short-term postoperative care, and therefore do not require hospital admission Objective: The aim of this study is to analyze the experience of the same day unit integrated to the Department of General Surgery and Gastrointestinal Surgery at Hospital de Clínicas Pte. Avellaneda in San Miguel de Tucumán between January 2014 and December 2018. Material and methods: We conducted a descriptive and retrospective cross-sectional study. Patients between 14 and 75 years were included. Data were collected from a prospective database implemented for the beginning of a pilot experience. Results: A total of 3827 surgeries were performed; 2327 corresponded to MAS procedures; 1514 patients were women, and aged ranged between 45 and 54 years. The surgical procedures corresponded to laparoscopic cholecystectomy, abdominal wall defects, perianal diseases and combined procedures. Quality indicators: the cancellation rate, which indicates the percentage of patients who did not attend the day surgery unit, and the rate of procedures suspended due to issues associated with patient selection and infrastructure, showed a statistically significant reduction between 2014 and 2018. Unplanned repeated surgery rate was 0.35% in 2018, and unplanned admissions and readmissions decreased to 1.6% and 1.07%, respectively, in 2018. Major complications occurred in 13 patients and 39 patients presented minor complications. Patient's satisfaction was 99.5%.. Conclusion: MAS is a safe process, with low rate of complications.

Caracterización de los pacientes reingresados por postoperatorio complicado en el servicio de Cirugía General. Hospital Universitario Comandante Faustino Pérez. Matanzas / Characterization of the patients readmitted in the service of General Surgery of the University Hospital "Faustino Perez Hernandez" of Matanzas, due to complicated post-surgery evolution

RESUMEN Introducción: la cirugía como ciencia médica tuvo grandes retos para llegar a tener una forma de tratamiento quirúrgico seguro y viable, entre estos uno de los mayores era como evitar los resultados adversos. Se realizó un análisis de los pacientes que reingresaron en el servicio de cirugía general por post operatorio complicado. Objetivo: determinar las causas de reingresos por postoperatorio complicado en el servicio de cirugía general. Material y métodos: se realizó un estudio prospectivo - descriptivo- observacional sobre el universo, que fueron todos los pacientes reingresados por postoperatorio complicados, por el servicio de Cirugía General. Se analizaron múltiples variables que pudieran estar en relación con los reingresos las cuales fueron obtenidas a través de una planilla de recolección de datos y procesadas por el programa computadorizado Microsoft Office 2009. Resultados: los pacientes que reingresaron, el mayor porcentaje son del sexo masculino, de la raza blanca y los mayores de 60 años. Los reingresos por complicaciones postquirúrgicas representan un bajo por ciento respecto al volumen de casos que son intervenidos y la principal causa de reingreso fue la infección del sitio quirúrgico, las variables analizadas las que más se relacionaron con los reingresos fueron las operaciones realizadas por vía convencional, atendidos en salas abiertas, con operaciones limpias contaminadas. Conclusiones: de los pacientes que reingresaron 6 de cada 10 son del sexo masculino de la raza blanca y su edad mayor de 60 años (AU).

SUMMARY Introduction: Surgery, as a medical science, faced big challenges to become a form of a safe, feasible surgical treatment; among them, one of the biggest was avoiding adverse outcomes. The authors carried out an analysis of the patients readmitted in the service of General Surgery of the University Hospital "Faustino Perez Hernandez" of Matanzas due to complicated post-surgery evolution in the period from January 2016 to December 2018. Objective: to determine the causes of readmissions due to complicated post-surgery evolution in the service of General Surgery of the University "Hospital Faustino Perez Hernandez". Materials and methods: a prospective, descriptive, observational study was carried out on a universe of all patients readmitted in the service of General Surgery due to complicated post-surgery evolution. The authors analyzed several variables that could be related to readmissions and were obtained from a data collection form and processed with the computer program Microsoft Office 2009. Results: the main results were that among readmitted patients, the highest percent were male, white and elder than 60 years old. Readmissions due to post-surgery complications represent a low percent with respect to the quantity of patients who underwent surgery, and the main cause of readmission was infection at the surgery site. From the analyzed variables the once related the most with readmissions were conventional surgeries, patients looked after in open wards, with contaminated clean operations. Conclusions: six from each ten patients were male, white, and aged more than 60 years (AU).

Impacto de la pandemia COVID-19 en la cirugía pancreática. Análisis en dos instituciones, una pública y otra privada / Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on pancreatic surgery. Analysis in a public and a private institution

RESUMEN Antecedentes: la pandemia de COVID-19 ha introducido cambios drásticos en el sistema de salud. Las cirugías electivas son una de las actividades quirúrgicas que más han descendido durante la pandemia. Objetivo: analizar el impacto de la pandemia de COVID-19 en la cirugía pancreática en una institución pública y otra privada. Se comparó, en cada institución, con el número de cirugías en el mismo período del año pasado. Material y métodos: se revisaron en una base prospectiva los pacientes que recibieron una cirugía pancreática en las dos instituciones entre el 10/3/20 y el 24/6/20. Se determinaron los datos epide miológicos, el tipo de resección pancreática, el diagnóstico anatomopatológico, la morbilidad y la mor talidad. Se compararon con los pacientes en ambas instituciones que recibieron cirugía pancreática durante el período 10/3/19 al 24/6/19. Resultados: durante la pandemia se realizaron 23 resecciones pancreáticas (13 duodenopancreatec tomías cefálicas, 9 pancreatectomías izquierdas y 1 pancreatectomía total). El 70% (16/23) fueron adenocarcinomas. La morbilidad alcanzó el 34,7% y no se registró mortalidad. Ningún paciente ni miembro del equipo quirúrgico se infectó con coronavirus. La pandemia no tuvo impacto en el núme ro de cirugías en el centro privado (22 vs. 20, p = 0,88), mientras que en el centro público hubo una reducción significativa en el número de cirugías (14 vs. 3, p = 0,009). Conclusión: la cirugía pancreática se puede hacer con seguridad durante la pandemia. En el centro privado se mantuvo el número de cirugías pancreáticas. En el centro público, con máxima prioridad para pacientes con COVID-19, hubo un descenso significativo.

ABSTRACT Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has introduced dramatic changes in the health system. Elective surgeries are the surgical activities with greater decline during the pandemic. Objective: The aim of this paper is to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in pancreatic sur gery in a public and a private institution. The number of surgeries performed in each institution was compared with those performed in same period of the previous year. Material and methods: Data from a prospective database of all the patients who underwent pancrea tic surgery between March 10, 2020, and June 3, 2020, were analyzed. The epidemiological data, type of pancreatic resection, pathology diagnosis, morbidity and mortality were determined in each insti tution and compared with patients who underwent pancreatic surgery in both institutions between March 3, 2019, and June 24, 2019. Results: 23 pancreatic resections were performed during the pandemic (13 cephalic pancreaticoduo denectomies, 9 left pancreatectomies and 1 total pancreatectomy); 70% (16/23) were adenocarcino mas. There were 34.7% complications and no deaths were reported. None of the patients was infected with coronavirus. The pandemic had no impact on the number of pancreatic resections in the private institution (22 vs. 20, p = 0.88), while the number of pancreatic surgeries was significantly lower in the public center (14 vs. 3, p = 0.009). Conclusion: Pancreatic surgery can be safely performed during the pandemic. The number of pancrea tic surgeries did not decline during the pandemic. The priority for treating patients with COVID-19 at the public center resulted in a significant decrease in pancreatic surgeries.

La mujer en Cirugía: una exploración de las barreras en la carrera laboral / Women in surgery: an exploration of career barriers

Antecedentes: las cirujanas en la Argentina experimentan barreras en el ámbito laboral y personal tratando de lograr sus objetivos profesionales. El objetivo de esta investigación fue explorar las barreras que enfrentan las cirujanas en su carrera laboral en las tres principales ciudades de la República Argentina. Material y métodos: estudio exploratorio transversal. Se utilizaron encuestas anónimas a cirujanas durante un período de 6 meses. Resultados: un 59% de las cirujanas son solteras y no viven en pareja. Aquellas con hijos son las principales encargadas de la crianza. Los esposos o convivientes aparecen en tercer lugar, con un muy bajo porcentaje de responsabilidad en la tarea. En la mayoría de los espacios laborales no existe un sistema que facilite el cuidado de hijos en su trabajo. El 65% afirma haber dejado de presentar trabajos científicos luego de la maternidad. Solo un 26% de los pacientes ha rechazado sus servicios en favor de ser intervenido por un cirujano hombre. Por el contrario, un 42% de los jefes ha rechazado ser acompañado en cirugías por cirujanas. Casi un 85% de las cirujanas ha recibido comentarios alusivos a su sexualidad durante su trabajo. Conclusión: las estructuras organizacionales quirúrgicas operan como un marco normativo estructurador de prácticas y discursos que han construido, en el nivel simbólico, subjetivo e institucional, las desigualdades entre mujeres y varones en el ámbito de la actuación médica. La feminización del sector en los últimos tiempos y la salida de la mujer al ámbito laboral no implican necesariamente la equidad de género.

Background: Women surgeons in Argentina face barriers in the workplace and in their personal life when trying to achieve their professional goals. The aim of this investigation was to explore the career barriers women surgeons face in the three main cities of Argentina. Material and methods: We conducted an exploratory cross-sectional study. Anonymous surveys were administrated to women surgeons during a six-month period. Results: Among survey respondents, 59% were single and did not live with a partner. Those with children are the primary carers. Spouses or partners appear in third place, with a very low percentage of responsibility as carers. Most workplaces where female surgeons work do not have childcare facilities. Sixty-five percent of the survey respondents had not presented scientific papers after having children. Only 26 percent of patients had rejected their services in favor of a male surgeon and 42% of head surgeons had refused to be assisted by female surgeons. Almost 85% of women surgeons have received comments about their sexuality during their work. Conclusions: The organizational structures of surgery departments work as a structured regulatory framework of practices and speeches that have constructed the inequalities between women and men in the field of medical action at the symbolic, subjective and institutional level. The recent feminization of the surgical field and the entrance of women in the workplace do not necessarily imply gender equality.

impacto de la pandemia COVID-19 en el personal médico de los servicios de cirugía general del Hospital Dr. Miguel Pérez Carreño: estudio de cohorte / Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Medical Staff of General Surgery Services at Dr. Miguel Pérez Carreño Hospital. Cohort study

Las patologías quirúrgicas continúan siendo motivo de consulta habitual en los servicios de emergencia de nuestros hospitales, requiriendo una rápida evaluación y resolución oportuna aún en tiempos de pandemia, siendo muy probable que pacientes asintomáticos, con sospecha o confirmación de infección por COVID-19 ameriten una intervención quirúrgica.Objetivo : Analizar la incidencia de casos de COVID-19 y evaluar su correlación con el uso de equipos de protección personal en los médicos residentes y adjuntos de los servicios de cirugía general del Hospital Dr. Miguel Pérez Carreño.Métodos : Se realizó una investigación de tipo observacional, descriptiva y transversal. La muestra estuvo constituida por 32 médicos quienes respondieron anónimamente una encuesta electrónica realizada por el comité académico del Posgrado de Cirugía General.Resultados : El porcentaje global de participación fue 50,79%. Resultaron positivos para la prueba Reacción en Cadena de Polimerasa el 42% de los residentes y 9% de los médicos especialistas. El lugar más frecuente de probable contacto fue el hospital en 90% de los casos. El 50% de los médicos identificaron a un personal de salud como su fuente de contagio. Se reportó uso constante de equipo de protección personal y gel alcoholado en 47% y 72% de los casos respectivamente.Conclusión : El aumento de casos de COVID-19 en la población general y en el personal de salud debe alertarnos acerca de la necesidad de tomar medidas estrictas de protección en forma precoz orientadas a disminuir la incidencia de casos y por ende la morbilidad y la mortalidad asociada a la infección por el nuevo coronavirus(AU)

Surgical pathologies continue to be a common reason for consultation in the emergency services of our hospitals, requiring a rapid evaluation and timely resolution even in times of pandemic, and it is highly probable that asymptomatic patients, with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection, merit a surgical intervention.Objective : To analyze the incidence of COVID-19 cases and evaluate its correlation with the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) in resident and staff surgeons of General Surgery services at Dr. Miguel Pérez Carreño Hospital.Methods : An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional research was carried out. The sample consisted of 32 physicians who anonymously responded to an electronic survey conducted by the academic committee of the General Surgery residency program.Results : The overall percentage of participation was 50.79%. 42% of residents and 9% of specialist physicians were positive for the Polymerase Chain Reaction test. The most frequent place of probable contact was the hospital in 90% of the cases. 50% of the doctors identified a health personnel as their source of infection. Constant use of PPE and alcohol gel was reported in 47% and 72% of the cases, respectively.Conclusion : The increase in COVID-19 cases in the general population and in health personnel should alert us to the need to take stricter protection measures early in order to reduce the incidence of cases and, therefore, the morbidity and mortality associated with infection with the new coronavirus(AU)

Reportable hospital events: incidence and contributing factors in the surgery service of a high complexity hospital in Bogotá, Colombia, 2017 / Eventos reportables hospitalarios: incidencia y factores contribuyentes en el servicio de cirugía de un hospital de alta complejidad en Bogotá, Colombia, 2017

Abstract Introduction: Patient safety includes monitoring, analysis, and proposed actions for the prevention of reportable events with unwanted effects (REUE). Objective: To estimate the incidence, preventability, severity, and contributing factors of REUEs in patients admitted to the surgery service. Materials and methods: Prospective cohort study in patients with at least 12hours of hospitalization in the surgical services of a university hospital in Bogotá, Colombia. Random sampling was used and the sample size was 200 subjects. Sociodemographic and baseline clinical variables were evaluated. We estimated the presence of REUE detection events, their preventability and severity. The analysis of the contributing factors was done using the London protocol. Results: A total of 106 women (52.47%) and 96 men (47.53%) were included; the median age was 51.93 years (range 18-93); 60% had at least 1 comorbidity measured by the Charlson index and 25.74% had 3 or more. Of the participants, 28.21% presented at least 1 detection event, the incidence of REUEs was 11.8%, and 75% of them were classified as preventable while 75% were serious events. The main contributing factors were: patient-related 58.33%, related to scheduled tasks and clinical context 50.00%, and work team-related factors 37.50%. Conclusion: The incidence, preventability, and severity of REUE are similar to those reported in the literature. The analysis of the contributing factors shows areas that are susceptible to intervention and can be considered as opportunities for improvement.

Resumen Introducción: La seguridad del paciente incluye la vigilancia, análisis y la propuesta de acciones para la prevención de eventos reportables con efectos no deseados (EREND). Objetivo: Estimar la incidencia, preventibilidad, severidad y factores contribuyentes de los EREND en pacientes hospitalizados en el servicio de cirugía. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de cohorte prospectiva en pacientes con al menos 12 horas de hospitalización en los servicios quirúrgicos de un hospital universitario en Bogotá, Colombia. Muestreo aleatorio. Tamaño muestral: 200 sujetos. Se evaluaron las variables sociodemográficas y clínicas basales. Se estimó la presencia de eventos de detección, de EREND, si eran prevenibles y su severidad. El análisis de los factores contribuyentes se hizo mediante el protocolo de Londres. Resultados: Se incluyeron 106 mujeres (52.47%) y 96 hombres (47.53%); la edad mediana fue 51.93 años (rango 18-93). El 60% tuvo al menos una comorbilidad medida por el índice de Charlson y el 25.74% tuvo 3 o más. El 28.21% de los participantes presentaron al menos un evento de detección, la incidencia de EREND fue 11.8% y el 75% de estos fueron calificados como prevenibles y 75% fueron eventos serios. Los principales factores contribuyentes fueron: del paciente 58.33%, relacionados con tareas programadas y contexto clínico 50.00% y factores del equipo de trabajo 37.50%. Conclusiones: La incidencia, evitabilidad y severidad de los EREND del estudio se encuentran dentro de las reportadas en la literatura, el análisis los factores contribuyentes presenta elementos que son susceptibles de intervención y pueden ser considerados como oportunidades de mejora.

Preliminary experience on construting research-based gastrointestinal surgery department of Nanfang Hospital / 中华胃肠外科杂志

Construction of research-based surgery department includes standardizing surgical practices, collecting and analyzing clinical data, discovering problems in clinical practices, designing and conducting reliable and high-level clinical research, improving and innovating surgical technologies according to research conclusions, working out technical specifications and promoting them through clinical education, and creating new clinical research needs arised by innovative and cutting-edge technologies and theories. By integrating technology, research, standardization, promotion and evaluation, and making close connections between different parts of clinical practices, scientific research and clinical teaching, it helps achieve coordinated development of surgical practices and translational research, and will finally promote the cultivation of medical talents and the progress of medical technologies. Since 2010, the General Surgery Department of Nanfang Hospital has established the basic idea of subject construction of "research-oriented surgery with data as the core, minimally invasive surgery with laparoscopic as the characteristic, and specialized surgery with high-efficiency service as the guidance", and has taken a series of measures to build it into a well-known research-based gastrointestinal surgery in China. The achievements of this speciaty have emerged from nothing, research platforms from few to many, the talent echelon from following to leading, and the influence from regional to international. The discipline construction has achieved a leap from quantitative to qualitative changes.